Sternal Cleft

Cleft sternum is a rare malformation due to partial or total failure of sternal fusion after the 6th week of embryonic development.  Depending on the degree of defect sternal clefts can be classified as complete or incomplete.
The defect mostly involves the superior sternum with the heart at its normal position. The skin is generally not affected. In situations where the skin is affected immediate operations is indicated. If the skin is not affected the repair is done electively. Repair of a sternal cleft should preferably be employed early in the neonatal period when the thorax is relatively more compliant, and the primary closure is generally safe and easy with no pressure on the heart. In older ages cartilage grafts can be used.